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What We Lose When We Lose the Stars

光害が静かに奪っているもの、夜空をめぐる小さな科学エッセイ。

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If you live in a big city, you have probably never really seen the night sky. Most people in the developed world cannot see the Milky Way from their homes. The light from streetlamps, billboards, and apartment windows scatters into the atmosphere and blots out the stars. Astronomers call this light pollution, and it is growing about two percent per year worldwide. The cost is more than aesthetic. Migrating birds, which navigate by the stars, become disoriented in bright skies and crash into buildings by the millions. Sea turtles hatch on beaches and crawl toward city lights instead of the moonlit ocean. Even human sleep suffers: the body's circadian rhythm is tuned to darkness, and constant low-level light at night raises the risk of insomnia and certain cancers. Yet the fix is unusually cheap. Replacing bright outdoor bulbs with shielded, downward-facing lights restores most of the sky within months. A few small towns in Arizona and France have already done it. Their residents now wake up to darker morningsand a richer view of the universe overhead.

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  • If you live in a big city, you have probably never really seen the night sky.文法

    もしあなたが大都市に住んでいるなら、おそらく夜空を本当に見たことがない。

    条件節 + 現在完了 (have never seen)。〈probably〉= 文修飾の『おそらく』、〈really〉= 『本当に』。

  • blots out the stars表現

    星をかき消す

    〈blot out〉= 『覆い隠す、消し去る』、句動詞。

  • growing about two percent per year worldwide文法

    世界全体で年間約2%の割合で増えている

    〈grow + 数量〉+ per year + worldwide。統計の表現。

  • The cost is more than aesthetic.表現

    失われているのは美観だけではない。

    〈more than + 形容詞〉= 『〜以上のものだ/だけではない』、エッセイで論点を拡大する書き方。

  • Migrating birds, which navigate by the stars, become disoriented文法

    星で航海する渡り鳥は方向を失う

    非制限的関係詞 which が補足説明。〈navigate by〉= 『〜で方向を見つける』、航海動詞。

  • the body's circadian rhythm is tuned to darkness語彙

    体の概日リズムは暗闇に調整されている

    〈be tuned to〉= 『〜に同調されている』、受動態。〈circadian〉= 『約24時間の』、専門語。

  • Yet the fix is unusually cheap.表現

    しかし対策は珍しく安い。

    〈yet〉= 『しかし』、文頭の対比接続詞。〈unusually + 形容詞〉= 『普通でないほど〜』。

  • Replacing bright outdoor bulbs with shielded, downward-facing lights restores most of the sky文法

    明るい屋外電球を、下向きで遮光板付きの照明に交換すれば、空のほとんどが戻ってくる

    動名詞主語 + 動詞 (restores)。〈replace A with B〉= 『A を B に置き換える』。

  • A few small towns in Arizona and France have already done it.文法

    アリゾナとフランスのいくつかの小さな町はすでに実行した。

    現在完了 + already。『すでに完了している』を強調。

  • a richer view of the universe overhead語彙

    頭上の宇宙のより豊かな眺め

    〈richer〉= 『より豊かな』、比較級。〈overhead〉= 『頭上の』、副詞・形容詞。

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